
Women have their knitting. But what can men do to keep their minds and hands busy?
By Gregory Clark, Illustrated by James Frise, November 15, 1941.
“The shortage of labor,” declared Jimmie Frise, “is making a laborer out of me.”
“The same here,” I agreed. “I had to put up my storm windows last week myself, for the first time in 15 years. The man who usually does it is working in a munitions factory.”
“Making shells?” inquired Jim.
“No, putting up the munitions factory’s storm windows,” I replied indignantly. “And doing odd jobs around the plant.”
“Still,” said Jim, “that’s part of the war effort. Somebody has got to keep the munitions plants tidy and shipshape.”
“Okay, but how about me as a taxpayer?” I demanded. “Am I not part of the war effort? Doesn’t the money I pay in taxes pay the workers who make the munitions? Who’s going to pony up the wages of the men who make the shells if I am so busy putting up storm windows that I can’t earn any money to pay the government?”
“Pshaw,” said Jim, “it didn’t take you half an hour.”
“It took me two hours,” I responded hotly. “And when you figure up how much work we have all got to do ourselves that we used to pay other men to do…”
“Wait a minute,” laughed Jimmie. “The money you save by doing the work yourself makes available that much more cash for the government.”
“I see,” I muttered. “They want us coming and going.”
“They sure do,” said Jim. “They want all the taxes off you they can scrape without skinning you alive. They want all the money you can save to lend them. They want you to work harder than you have ever worked so you will make more money for them to tax and for you to lend them.”
“I’m on a salary,” I pointed out.
“All right, they want you to work harder than you have ever worked for your salary,” explained Jim, “in order that your employer will make more money for the government to tax and for your employer to invest in war bonds.”
“Money, money, money,” I said.
“Don’t be silly,” scoffed Jim. “It isn’t money the government wants. It’s shells. And bombs. And bombers. And ships. And soldiers ready for the battlefield. You can’t make a shell. You can’t make an airplane. You couldn’t even paint a ship. You’re too old to be a soldier. So you give what you’ve got. Work.”
“Aaaah,” I said.
“That’s all they want from you,” declared Jim. “Work. Work. Work. Work at anything you can do so long as it makes money that can be converted into shells, bombs, planes, ships. See?”
“Money is easily converted,” I confessed.
“Money is the only thing in the world,” explained Jim, “that can be converted into anything. It is the universal converter. For example: There is a tree standing in the woods. It is useless. But along comes a man who says I will give somebody 50 cents1 to cut that tree down. And down comes the tree. Money has converted the tree into a log. Then the man says I will pay somebody 50 cents to haul that log down to the skids. And from the skids it goes to the pulp mill.”
The Meaning of Giving Up
“What is this?” I inquired. “A lecture?”
“At the pulp mill, another guy,” said Jim, “says he will pay $20 for somebody to work a week in the pulp mill and turn the log into pulp. And then into paper.”
“It see it coming,” I confessed.
“Then another guy says,” went on Jim, “I’ll pay somebody $50 to write an article to print on this piece of paper. And you write the article, see?”
“I’m converted,” I agreed.
“Then about 550,000 people,” continued Jimmie, “say, I’ll give you a dime for that piece of paper with that article in it. So the tree standing in the distant bush has been converted, by money, money, money, into this thing in the hands of two million people, supposing four people read each paper.”
“And that’s the end?” I asked.
“Not on your life,” cried Jim. “Then the government says, we’ve got to have submarine chasers and we need planks, hardwood planks for making little ships. So they say to you, give us 15 bucks of that 50.”
“I’m told,” I said grimly, “that they get more than half of it, one way and another. The get 25 bucks.”
“Okay, says the government,” concluded Jim, “give me 25 of that 50. And it sends a man up into the bush to find a useless hardwood tree standing there. And that guy says I’ll give somebody 50 cents to cut down that tree. And away she goes again.”
“The part I had,” I submitted, “was very small in that transaction. That one measly article.”
“Yes, but you notice you got more for the article,” explained Jim, “than anybody else got for their share.”
“And I gave up more,” I reminded him, “than anybody else when they wanted that hardwood plank for a boat. I gave up 25 bucks, which is more than the man got for working a week in the pulp mill.”
“Oh, no you didn’t,” smiled Jim. “Because all you gave up was a couple of hours work, writing the article, and $25. Whereas the man who worked in the pulp mill gave up a whole hard week of his life, laboring like the devil.”
“I mean…” I protested.
“Oh, yeah, yeah,” laughed Jimmie. “You don’t mean the same thing by ‘giving up’ as I mean. Well, sir, there is a war on. So terrible a war that it’s end will decide whether men shall be free or slaves. And the side that is going to win, without any question, is the side that understands the meaning of giving up.”
“Jim,” I said gratefully, “that was a good lecture. I begin to see what it’s all about. It isn’t what we get, what we keep, what we own that matters. It’s what we convert into shells, planes, ships… all of us, everywhere, doing anything.”
“The other night,” related Jim, “I couldn’t get to sleep and I tried counting sheep. But the sheep would not come. Soldiers came instead. Endless ranks of them, marching. I closed my eyes tight and tried to picture sheep. But brighter and sharper came the endless ranks of soldiers, marching abreast. And I couldn’t go to sleep at all. For I began thinking that here in little, farflung Canada, with only eleven million people, there were 300,000 homes from which a soldier has gone to war. That is a lot of homes.”
“They’re not all at war,” I submitted.
“A hundred thousand are overseas,” enlightened Jim, “and 20,000 are in the navy and 60,000 are in the air force. It does not matter yet where they are. They are all gone to war; 300,000 homes are short a man.”
“And we’ve got to pay those men,” I offered.
“Huh, pay them?” laughed Jim bitterly. “They get $1.30 a day each. But they have to assign half their pay, or $20 a month to their dependants at home if they want the folks to get any allowances from the government. In other words, a married soldier gets about 60 cents a day, brother.”
“Phew,” said I.
“And so the government,” went on Jim, “gives the soldier’s wife $35 a month, and $12 for each child up to two children. Maximum, with the absent soldier’s $20, of $79 a month!”
“That’s not $3 a day,” I protested, “for rent, food, clothing…”
“But look,” interrupted Jim, “suppose the wife has no children? How much has she got? Or suppose she has four children?”
“I guess a soldier’s wife,” I humbled, “doesn’t even get 60 cents a day, come to think of it.”
To Revive Whittling
“Well, the reason I mentioned soldiers,” said Jimmie, “is that when we think of our taxes, and our war savings, we always think of shells, bombs, planes, ships. Big roaring factories; toiling, well-paid workers. What we forget are those 300,000 soldiers at a few cents a day. And those 300,000 homes, with a woman in each one, and children. Lonely, anxious and haunted. And less than $3 a day to live on, entire.”
“Maybe,” said, “we prefer to think of our taxes and war savings going on mighty bombers and ships and shells…”
“It makes us feel more romantic,” explained Jim, “about ourselves.”
So we sat for a little while not thinking very romantically about ourselves.
“Even our leisure,” said Jimmie, after awhile, “should be used. I envy women their knitting.”
“We could do odd jobs,” I suggested. “Like…”
“Like putting up storm windows?” inquired Jim sweetly.
“Okay,” I surrendered. “Like putting up storm windows. Or raking leaves. Or painting the back steps.”
“Or even whittling,” said Jim. “There are a dozen things a man could whittle. Such as…er…”
“See, Jim?” I cut in. “You can’t think of anything a man could whittle nowadays that would be any good. When I was a boy, there was a whittling man in every block. Out in front of the flour and feed store, there was always a man whittling. But now there aren’t even any more flour and feed stores.”
“He could whittle latches for the door,” said Jimmie, “and sticks to hold the window up. And pegs to wind string on. And knobs for drawers.”
“But now,” I countered, “there are no more latches, and windows stay up themselves. And if anything needs a new knob, you turn it in on the instalment plan for a fresh suite of furniture.”
“Say,” said Jim, rising, “that reminds me. I have a piece of hickory down cellar that I got about five years ago for an axe handle. I was down at the old farm, looking around, and I found this piece of hickory.”
“You can buy an axe handle, Jim,” I submitted, “for 35 cents.”
But Jim was heading for the cellar stairs and I followed him. He hunted around the cellar, looking on beams, under boxes and baskets, behind old dining-room buffets and things, and at last, in the fruit cellar, on top of the cupboards, located the very billet of hickory he had brought home years ago from a visit to his boyhood home.
It was hard and dry and weathered. And from the cupboard top he threw down several other odds and ends of wood, including a one-inch plank of cedar about six feet long.
“There you are,” he said. “A cedar plank for you.”
“And what can I make with that?” I demanded.
“What else,” retorted Jim, “but a paddle? That’s what I picked it up for, about seven winters back.”
“You must have been thinking of whittling sooner or later,” I supposed.
Creative Satisfaction
But Jimmie was gone back into the furnace cellar where he rooted around in a big box and found an old-fashioned axe head and an ancient whetstone. And on the stone, Jimmie proceeded to sharpen his pocket-knife. And when he had it honed to a glittering sharpness, he took my knife and worked it up to a beautiful edge that you could feel with your thumb like a razor.
And finding pleasant spots in which to sit and lean, we set to work, Jimmie at his axe handle, with small, keen curly shavings off the hickory and I, at the paddle, with long, stiff strokes of the cedar.
Whittling is absorbing work. You can shave away, and talk at the same time. And there is a queer feeling of accomplishment, of creative satisfaction, that invades you little by little as the thing you are working at begins to take form.
Jimmie got the head end of his axe handle the wrong way round, and I had to saw off about a foot of my plank due to having taken too deep a bite with my knife, causing a large chunk of the cedar to shear loose. But we whittled and viewed and chatted and whittled away dull care until an hour or more had gone, and Jimmie was starting to fit the head on the axe handle.
“You have to get the size of the eye just right,” he said, “or else the wedge will never really grip it.”
And in a few minutes, he fitted the head perfectly, though the handle itself was rather rough.
“There you are, my boy,” he said, handing me the axe. “Just feel the heft of that. No store axe handle has got the feel. You could really swing that axe. Feel how the curve of the handle slides through your hand, giving power.”
And from the kindling bin, he got a chunk of wood and set it up on the cellar floor.
“Now, watch,” he said.
He aimed the axe and then raised it. Back over his shoulder he swung it. Forward and down he struck.
And the axe head slipped off and hurtled through the doorway into the fruit cellar where it crashed on to the second shelf of preserves which included green tomato pickle, chow chow2, mustard pickles, summer catsup, mustard catsup; and these falling, took with them half the shelf of cherries, damson plums and 16 pints of wild raspberries which are Jim’s own favorite.
It was awful. Not only the sound, which continued for several seconds. But the way the juice ran, all red and yellow and ghastly over the concrete floor.
We used the shavings we had made to help staunch the flow. Jimmie used my paddle for a shovel to push the shavings on to the mess and to scrape up the broken glass and pickles and fruit.
Then he crept up the cellar stairs and finding nobody around he got the biggest ash can from the side entrance and we filled its huge space with the wreckage of shavings, glass, fruit and blood.
Then we carried the ash can out and placed it in the side drive of the house next door, where the people are away until Christmas.
And after we had swept and wiped and cleaned all as best we could and rearranged all the fruit and pickles from the upper shelves on to the lower shelves, until you could hardly notice how much damage had been done, I said:
“I am glad my whittling was of some use. It made a good shovel.”
“Finish it, why don’t you?” said Jim wearily.
“You finish your axe handle,” I suggested.
He looked around for it, but there was no sign.
“It must be swept up with the rest of the junk in the ash can,” said Jim.
So we went back upstairs in time to hear the late afternoon war news.
Editor’s Notes:
- The are a lot of prices mentioned in this article. For comparable numbers, $1 in 1941 would be like $19 in 2025. ↩︎
- Chow chow is a pickled relish made of chopped green tomatoes, onions, cabbage, and seasonal peppers (though carrots, cauliflower, beans, and peas are sometimes included). There are a variety of other pickled vegetables mentioned as well. ↩︎









